windows: disable fast start for multiple OS (dual boot)

Hibernation saves an image of your work and shuts down your computer or put your computer into sleep mode.

Fast Startup only saves an image of the system kernel and loaded drivers to reduce boot time.

Fast Startup may not suitable for System:

1. multiple os except you never access/share data between multiple os.
2. maintenance
3. hardware change

Step to disable fast startup 

1. Search -> Choose a power plan -> Choose what the power buttons do -> Change settings that are currently unavailable
2. uncheck "Turn on fast start (recommendation)"
3. save change and restart

 

windows 11 x64: installing MinGW-w64 for Windows binary

1. Download from GCC 32.2.0 with Posix thread without LLVM/Clang/LLD/LLDB: 7-Zip archive from  https://winlibs.com/ 
2. Extract them in location easy to access e.q D:\mingw64
3. Set your windows environment add mingw bin folder, System -> Advanced system settings -> Environment Variables -> System Variables -> Path -> Edit. Add mingw bin folder e.q. D:\mingw64\bin
4. Save new configuration and mingw64 ready to use

Personal mysql/mariadb sql command references

Using mysqladmin 

Set password root using mysqladmin

# mysqladmin -u root password

Using mysql client

$ mysql -u [user_name] -p

Show users:

> select User from mysql.user;

Add user:

> create user `test`@`localhost`;
> SELECT User FROM mysql.user;

Set user password

> alter user [user_name] identified by [new_password];

Show database:

> show databases;

Add database:

> create database `test`;
> SHOW DATABASES;
> grant all privileges on test.* to 'test'@'localhost` ;
> flush privileges;

Show table:

> use test;
> show tables;

create table:

> use test;
> create table product(id mediumint, name varchar(100));

Note: Do not use root account to create user table, use particular user to create table.
 

repair grub after windows updating bios on lenovo ideaPad gaming 3 AMD 7535h (15”)

Insert Debian installer DVD/CD or USB and change boot order

1. Keep press shift + restart windows -> troubleshoot -> UEFI Firmware Setting -> Restart
2. Change boot order to Debian installer media

Boot into Debian

1. Boot into Debian installer DVD/CD or USB, then press c to enter grub command. If the screen goes blank (for CD boot older then existing grub version), press ESC until you get prompt grub>
2. Get Debian partition using grub> ls and find Filesystem type ext* or your existing filesystem (see the picture below)
3. Get Debian grab from Debian partition e.q grub> ls (hd0,gpt7)/boot and find Debian grub folder  (see the picture below) 
4. Run command to start existing Debian e.q

grub> set root=(hd0,gpt7)
grub> set prefix=(hd0,gpt7)/boot/grub
grub> insmod normal
grub> normal

 

Your Debian will appear in boot option

Repair grub using 

# grub-install
# update-grub

Every time you update your firmware via windows, your grub boot will lost. It's so annoying. Unfortunately, there is not much tool available to automatically check and update bios for Debian. Debian still stable using old bios, but not in windows.  

How to upgrade HD NVME M2 single port on notebook for windows 11

Nobody want to spend time to reinstall windows and applications to upgrade HD NVME M2. Here is a mini guide to transfer the whole old (smaller) HD, using Clonezilla 20230426-lunar.

You need to buy NVME M2 usb enclosure. The new HD NVME M2 must equal or larger then the old one.

Preparation

Download Clonezilla iso (stable or alternative) from https://clonezilla.org/downloads.php and burn it into CD ROM.

Transfer HD from old to new

Make sure you plug your adapter to your notebook and your windows 11 in health condition.

1. Insert your new HD NVME M2 into USB Enclosure and plug into your notebook.
2. Restart your PC to notebook to start from CD, press windows + restart.
3. After book, select preferred language.
4. Choose keyboard layout or keep default keyboard layout.
5. Then choose Start Clonezilla.
6. Select device_device.
7. Select Beginnner.
8. Select your Source HD, (smaller size if upgrade to bigger size).
9. Select Destination HD.
10. Choose option -sfsck to skip checking/repairing source.
11. Choose option -K0 to create exactly size of partition on destination HD like source.
12. Choose option -p if you want decide to reboot or shutdown after transfer finish.
13. Enter to continue transfer HD.
14. Confirm your HD source by typing Y.
15. Confirm your HD destination by typing Y.
16. Wait until process transfer completed.

You can turn of your notebook, and replace your old one with a new one.

Post transfer

By default, your disk is encrypted by bitlocker. To resize your HD, yout need to disable encrypted during resizing/shrinking your HD.

Windows -> Settings Privacy & Security -> Device Encryption -> disable/off

Wait until windows 11 decrypt your HD.

You can use any free for home user, to resize your new HD. These are example for home user:

1. Minitool Partition Wizard Free 12.7
2. EaseUS Partition Master
3. others your favorite tool
   

After resizing I recommended you do (run cmd as administrator):

1. Disk C checking
   > chkdsk c: /f
   required to reboot windows 11
2. System file check
   > sfc /scannow
3. Run disk checking for others parititons
   > chkdsk d: /f
   

Bypass konfigurasi jaringan saat inisialisi / setup windows 11 versi 22H2, 23H2

Pada windows 11 versi 22H2, 23H2 tidak ada opsi skip untuk koneksi ke internet. Tidak semua pengguna pc memiliki koneksi internet. Atau alasan lain seperti memepercepat inisiasi windows 11 atau hanya menggunakan akun local pc.

Untuk mempersingkat inisiasi windows 11 dan membuat akun lokal lakukan langkah sebagai berikut:

1. Saat windows 11 meminta menghubungkan ke jaringan tekan Shifr + F10 untuk mengaktifkan windows prompt.
2. Ketik OOBE\BYPASSNRO pada command prompt dan enter.
3. Komputer akan restart dan memulai inisiasi baru dengan opsi "I don’t have internet"
4. Lanjutkan pembuatan akun lokal sampai windows 11 siap digunakan.

Referensi: https://pureinfotech.com/bypass-internet-connection-install-windows-11/

Windows 11: configure windows 11 on laptop without internet connection

 

Today, almost new laptop, equip with Windows 11. For the first time we turn it on, windows will force us to use any connection available, for example any wifi detected by system.

To bypass internet connection appear in wifi configuration, press Alt-F4, then restart your laptop.

After that, we can configure our windows without internet connection. windows will ask username and password (may blank), for local account. Later you can add your outlook account to access windows store.

windows 11/10/8/7 general repair

 

Repair directory system

1. run cmd as administrator or windows powershell (admin)
2. run C:\WINDOWS\system32> chkdsk c: /f
3. restart PC to complete chkdsk

Repair general windows file system

1. run windows powershell (admin)
2. run C:\WINDOWS\system32> sfc /scannow

Note: you can repair directory using chkdsk or repair file system using sfc in safe mode

If you encounter "windows can not fix" after running "sfc /scannow", you can try to repair windows 'image' file system

1. run windows powershell (admin)
2. run C:\WINDOWS\system32> DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth

Note: Yout need online to restore windows image

DIMS Option:

• DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth -> check windows 'image' system
• DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /ScanHealth -> check windows 'image' system, deeper then checkhealth
• DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth  -> restore windows 'image' system
• DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /StartComponentCleanup -> repair windows component (after DISM Error 14098)
  

If you have windows 11/10/8/7 cd, F: is your CD/DVD ROM

• DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:F:\Sources\install.wim

Windows 10 sharing printer on private network only

 

1. Enabling Windows sharing "Manage advanced sharing setings"
   1. Private
      1. Turn on network discovery & Turn on automativ setup of network connected device
      2. Turn on file and printer sharing
   2. Guest or Public
      1. Turn off network discovery
      2. Turn off file and printer sharing
   3. All networks
      1. Turn off Public folder sharing (people logged on to this computer can still access these folders)
      2. Use 128-bit encryption to help protect file sharing connectin (recommended)
      3. Turn off password protected sharing
2. Enabling guest user, open cmd with "Run as administrator" permission
       >net user guest /active:yes
3. Share printer, "Printers & Scanners", choose printer to share, "Manage" -> "Printer properties"
   1.     Sharing
      1.         Share this printer (optional: you can change share name)
      2.         Render print-jobs on client computer
   2.     Security
      1.         Everyone: Print, Manage this printer, Manage documents
      2.         Guest: Print, Manage this printer, Manage documents (add group or user name)

 

Warning: only use on private network!!!

Caution: use with your own security risk on non private network!!!

Note:

• Some Windows 10 update, version 1903 or later, may have some problem with your printer driver and printer sharing. You need to find solution on microsoft site if reinstall and reconnect your printer does not solved your problem.
• You can not share printer if the printer is offline

Debian Buster: Installing zoom client meeting

Download zoom client meeting from https://zoom.us/download?os=linux

Install dependency
# apt-get install dconf-cli gir1.2-ibus-1.0 ibus ibus-clutter ibus-gtk ibus-gtk3 im-config libclutter-1.0-0 libclutter-1.0-common libclutter-imcontext-0.1-0 libclutter-imcontext-0.1-bin libcogl-common libcogl-pango20 libcogl-path20 libcogl20 libdouble-conversion1 libibus-1.0-5 libpcre2-16-0 libqt5core5a libqt5dbus5 libqt5gui5 libqt5network5 libqt5svg5 libqt5widgets5 libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0 libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-xkb1 libxcb-xtest0 libxkbcommon-x11-0 qt5-gtk-platformtheme qttranslations5-l10n

Install zoom client meeting
# dpkg -i zoom_amd64.deb
(Reading database ... 93758 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack zoom_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking zoom (5.1.422789.0705) over (5.1.422789.0705) ...
run post uninstall script, action is upgrade ...
Setting up zoom (5.1.422789.0705) ...
run post install script, action is configure...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.23-4) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.62) ...

Processing triggers for shared-mime-info (1.10-1) ...

Screenshoot zoom client:

Screenshoot zoom setting:

Tested XFCE Desktop on Debian 10.5 linux-image 4.19.0-10-amd64

Update date time using batch file

For dual OS, sometimes windows show date incorrect. You need to go setting and force windows to synchronize its date time.
The easy way and fast is using batch files. Using text editor, create batch files for example datesync.bat in your desktop. Write or copy/paste this code:

Echo off
Echo Starting Windows Time Service
net start w32time


Echo Syncronizing Date Time
w32tm /resync
pause

Everytime your date show incorrect, run this script as administrator. It will start windows time service (should not be disable on services.msc) and syncronize date time from internet.

defender locking bignox virtual disk

windows defender sometimes open file in background process, to scan for malicious code. If defender (or other antivirus) open bignox virtual disk it will lock it and cause your emulator crash. You need to exclude virtual disk that used by bignox. Here are the steps you need to do:

1. Open your windows defender (or your antivirus)
2. Go to setting "Virus & thread protection settings"
3. in "Exclusions" click "Add or remove exclusions"
4. Click "Add an exclusion" and choose "File type"
5. in "Enter extension" box type "vmdk"
6. repeat step 4 for file type "vbox" and "vdi"

You may want to increase your emulator by excluding these files:

1. C:\Program Files (x86)\Bignox\BigNoxVM\RT\NoxVMSVC.exe
2. C:\Program Files (x86)\Nox\bin\Nox.exe

windows: kill process by id using cmd

The most old games do not run on Windows 10. For example Red Alert and GTA San Andreas. Those games require DirectPlay in Windows 10 (legacy feature.

Before you try your old games you need to run cmd in administrator mode. In case the game does not play properly, switch to cmd and stop the game. 

To search pid for RA2

tasklist -v | find "RA2.exe"

tasklist -v | find "GAME.exe"

GAME.EXE                      7356 Console                    4    139,172 K Not Responding  xxx\xxx                                             0:02:48 Red Alert 2

To kill the process

taskkill /F /PID 7356

SUCCESS: The process with PID 7356 has been terminated.

Windows: Track which application establish connectiion using cmd

To find out establish connection and its id process use netstat -no and find
D:\>netstat -no | find "EST"
  TCP    127.0.0.1:61319        127.0.0.1:61320        ESTABLISHED     2636
  TCP    127.0.0.1:61320        127.0.0.1:61319        ESTABLISHED     2636
  TCP    127.0.0.1:61321        127.0.0.1:61322        ESTABLISHED     11224
  TCP    127.0.0.1:61322        127.0.0.1:61321        ESTABLISHED     11224
  TCP    127.0.0.1:61324        127.0.0.1:61325        ESTABLISHED     5016
  TCP    127.0.0.1:61325        127.0.0.1:61324        ESTABLISHED     5016
  TCP    127.0.0.1:61329        127.0.0.1:61330        ESTABLISHED     5920
  TCP    127.0.0.1:61330        127.0.0.1:61329        ESTABLISHED     5920
  TCP    127.0.0.1:61343        127.0.0.1:61344        ESTABLISHED     4524
  TCP    127.0.0.1:61344        127.0.0.1:61343        ESTABLISHED     4524
  TCP    192.168.0.108:60442    52.230.84.0:443        ESTABLISHED     3140
  TCP    192.168.0.108:61323    139.193.253.91:80      ESTABLISHED     2636
  TCP    192.168.0.108:61331    216.239.38.120:443     ESTABLISHED     2636
  TCP    192.168.0.108:61341    172.217.194.95:443     ESTABLISHED     2636
  TCP    192.168.0.108:61355    74.125.200.101:443     ESTABLISHED     2636
  TCP    192.168.0.108:61356    172.217.194.17:443     ESTABLISHED     2636
  TCP    192.168.0.108:61357    172.217.194.84:443     ESTABLISHED     2636
  TCP    192.168.0.108:61360    172.217.194.132:443    ESTABLISHED     2636
  TCP    192.168.0.108:61365    74.125.200.139:80      ESTABLISHED     2636
  TCP    192.168.0.108:61372    74.125.68.94:443       ESTABLISHED     2636
  TCP    192.168.0.108:61375    74.125.130.113:443     ESTABLISHED     2636
  TCP    192.168.0.108:61385    74.125.24.94:443       ESTABLISHED     2636
  TCP    192.168.0.108:61386    74.125.24.17:443       ESTABLISHED     2636
  TCP    192.168.0.108:61387    172.217.194.94:443     ESTABLISHED     2636
To find out which application for parcular id use tasklist -v and find
D:\>tasklist /v | find "2636"
firefox.exe                   2636 Console                   17    258,080 K Running         [pc]\[username]                                       0:00:34 Articles: New - Garasiku - Administration - Mozilla Firefox
Firefox accessing internet using local port 2636.

Windows 10: Disable Windows Defender Real-time Protection

Sometimes, we need to turn off Windows Defender Real-time protection. In my experience, this software may cause some error to run Android Emulator such as BigNox. To disable Windows Defender Real-time protection do these steps:

1. Run Windows PowerShell as administrator
2. execute set-mppreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring 1

Windows PowerShell
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> set-mppreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring 1
PS C:\WINDOWS\system32>
In Windows registry it will create
Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Real-Time Protection -> DisableRealtimeMonitoring REG_DWORD 1
To disable permanently you can use regedit as steps below:

1. Create key Real-Time Protection under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\
2. Create Dword DisableRealtimeMonitoring 1 under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Real-Time Protection\

It will locked option in Real-time Protection "This setting is managed by your administrator".
Tested on Windows 10 Version 10.0.17134 Build 17134
References:
https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/3569-turn-off-windows-defender-real-time-protection-windows-10-a.html

Windows 10: Active Legacy DirectPlay

1. Go  to "Control Panel" -> "Programs and Features" and click "Turn Windows feature On or Off"
2. Check on "Legacy Components" -> "DirectPlay"

Windows 10: enabling Windows Photo Viewer

Here is registry script to enable Windows Photo Viewer on Windows 10

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

; Created by: Shawn Brink
; Created on: August 8th 2015
; Updated on: November 15th 2017
; Tutorial: https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/14312-restore-windows-photo-viewer-windows-10-a.html


[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Applications\photoviewer.dll\shell\open]
"MuiVerb"="@photoviewer.dll,-3043"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Applications\photoviewer.dll\shell\open\command]
@=hex(2):25,00,53,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,52,00,6f,00,6f,00,74,00,25,\
  00,5c,00,53,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,33,00,32,00,5c,00,72,00,75,00,\
  6e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00,33,00,32,00,2e,00,65,00,78,00,65,00,20,00,22,00,25,\
  00,50,00,72,00,6f,00,67,00,72,00,61,00,6d,00,46,00,69,00,6c,00,65,00,73,00,\
  25,00,5c,00,57,00,69,00,6e,00,64,00,6f,00,77,00,73,00,20,00,50,00,68,00,6f,\
  00,74,00,6f,00,20,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,00,5c,00,50,00,68,00,\
  6f,00,74,00,6f,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,\
  00,22,00,2c,00,20,00,49,00,6d,00,61,00,67,00,65,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,\
  5f,00,46,00,75,00,6c,00,6c,00,73,00,63,00,72,00,65,00,65,00,6e,00,20,00,25,\
  00,31,00,00,00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Applications\photoviewer.dll\shell\open\DropTarget]
"Clsid"="{FFE2A43C-56B9-4bf5-9A79-CC6D4285608A}"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Bitmap]
"ImageOptionFlags"=dword:00000001
"FriendlyTypeName"=hex(2):40,00,25,00,50,00,72,00,6f,00,67,00,72,00,61,00,6d,\
  00,46,00,69,00,6c,00,65,00,73,00,25,00,5c,00,57,00,69,00,6e,00,64,00,6f,00,\
  77,00,73,00,20,00,50,00,68,00,6f,00,74,00,6f,00,20,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,\
  00,65,00,72,00,5c,00,50,00,68,00,6f,00,74,00,6f,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,\
  65,00,72,00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00,2c,00,2d,00,33,00,30,00,35,00,36,00,00,\
  00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Bitmap\DefaultIcon]
@="%SystemRoot%\\System32\\imageres.dll,-70"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Bitmap\shell\open\command]
@=hex(2):25,00,53,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,52,00,6f,00,6f,00,74,00,25,\
  00,5c,00,53,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,33,00,32,00,5c,00,72,00,75,00,\
  6e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00,33,00,32,00,2e,00,65,00,78,00,65,00,20,00,22,00,25,\
  00,50,00,72,00,6f,00,67,00,72,00,61,00,6d,00,46,00,69,00,6c,00,65,00,73,00,\
  25,00,5c,00,57,00,69,00,6e,00,64,00,6f,00,77,00,73,00,20,00,50,00,68,00,6f,\
  00,74,00,6f,00,20,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,00,5c,00,50,00,68,00,\
  6f,00,74,00,6f,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,\
  00,22,00,2c,00,20,00,49,00,6d,00,61,00,67,00,65,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,\
  5f,00,46,00,75,00,6c,00,6c,00,73,00,63,00,72,00,65,00,65,00,6e,00,20,00,25,\
  00,31,00,00,00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Bitmap\shell\open\DropTarget]
"Clsid"="{FFE2A43C-56B9-4bf5-9A79-CC6D4285608A}"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.JFIF]
"EditFlags"=dword:00010000
"ImageOptionFlags"=dword:00000001
"FriendlyTypeName"=hex(2):40,00,25,00,50,00,72,00,6f,00,67,00,72,00,61,00,6d,\
  00,46,00,69,00,6c,00,65,00,73,00,25,00,5c,00,57,00,69,00,6e,00,64,00,6f,00,\
  77,00,73,00,20,00,50,00,68,00,6f,00,74,00,6f,00,20,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,\
  00,65,00,72,00,5c,00,50,00,68,00,6f,00,74,00,6f,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,\
  65,00,72,00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00,2c,00,2d,00,33,00,30,00,35,00,35,00,00,\
  00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.JFIF\DefaultIcon]
@="%SystemRoot%\\System32\\imageres.dll,-72"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.JFIF\shell\open]
"MuiVerb"=hex(2):40,00,25,00,50,00,72,00,6f,00,67,00,72,00,61,00,6d,00,46,00,\
  69,00,6c,00,65,00,73,00,25,00,5c,00,57,00,69,00,6e,00,64,00,6f,00,77,00,73,\
  00,20,00,50,00,68,00,6f,00,74,00,6f,00,20,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,\
  72,00,5c,00,70,00,68,00,6f,00,74,00,6f,00,76,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,\
  00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00,2c,00,2d,00,33,00,30,00,34,00,33,00,00,00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.JFIF\shell\open\command]
@=hex(2):25,00,53,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,52,00,6f,00,6f,00,74,00,25,\
  00,5c,00,53,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,33,00,32,00,5c,00,72,00,75,00,\
  6e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00,33,00,32,00,2e,00,65,00,78,00,65,00,20,00,22,00,25,\
  00,50,00,72,00,6f,00,67,00,72,00,61,00,6d,00,46,00,69,00,6c,00,65,00,73,00,\
  25,00,5c,00,57,00,69,00,6e,00,64,00,6f,00,77,00,73,00,20,00,50,00,68,00,6f,\
  00,74,00,6f,00,20,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,00,5c,00,50,00,68,00,\
  6f,00,74,00,6f,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,\
  00,22,00,2c,00,20,00,49,00,6d,00,61,00,67,00,65,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,\
  5f,00,46,00,75,00,6c,00,6c,00,73,00,63,00,72,00,65,00,65,00,6e,00,20,00,25,\
  00,31,00,00,00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.JFIF\shell\open\DropTarget]
"Clsid"="{FFE2A43C-56B9-4bf5-9A79-CC6D4285608A}"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Jpeg]
"EditFlags"=dword:00010000
"ImageOptionFlags"=dword:00000001
"FriendlyTypeName"=hex(2):40,00,25,00,50,00,72,00,6f,00,67,00,72,00,61,00,6d,\
  00,46,00,69,00,6c,00,65,00,73,00,25,00,5c,00,57,00,69,00,6e,00,64,00,6f,00,\
  77,00,73,00,20,00,50,00,68,00,6f,00,74,00,6f,00,20,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,\
  00,65,00,72,00,5c,00,50,00,68,00,6f,00,74,00,6f,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,\
  65,00,72,00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00,2c,00,2d,00,33,00,30,00,35,00,35,00,00,\
  00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Jpeg\DefaultIcon]
@="%SystemRoot%\\System32\\imageres.dll,-72"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Jpeg\shell\open]
"MuiVerb"=hex(2):40,00,25,00,50,00,72,00,6f,00,67,00,72,00,61,00,6d,00,46,00,\
  69,00,6c,00,65,00,73,00,25,00,5c,00,57,00,69,00,6e,00,64,00,6f,00,77,00,73,\
  00,20,00,50,00,68,00,6f,00,74,00,6f,00,20,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,\
  72,00,5c,00,70,00,68,00,6f,00,74,00,6f,00,76,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,\
  00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00,2c,00,2d,00,33,00,30,00,34,00,33,00,00,00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Jpeg\shell\open\command]
@=hex(2):25,00,53,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,52,00,6f,00,6f,00,74,00,25,\
  00,5c,00,53,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,33,00,32,00,5c,00,72,00,75,00,\
  6e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00,33,00,32,00,2e,00,65,00,78,00,65,00,20,00,22,00,25,\
  00,50,00,72,00,6f,00,67,00,72,00,61,00,6d,00,46,00,69,00,6c,00,65,00,73,00,\
  25,00,5c,00,57,00,69,00,6e,00,64,00,6f,00,77,00,73,00,20,00,50,00,68,00,6f,\
  00,74,00,6f,00,20,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,00,5c,00,50,00,68,00,\
  6f,00,74,00,6f,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,\
  00,22,00,2c,00,20,00,49,00,6d,00,61,00,67,00,65,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,\
  5f,00,46,00,75,00,6c,00,6c,00,73,00,63,00,72,00,65,00,65,00,6e,00,20,00,25,\
  00,31,00,00,00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Jpeg\shell\open\DropTarget]
"Clsid"="{FFE2A43C-56B9-4bf5-9A79-CC6D4285608A}"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Gif]
"ImageOptionFlags"=dword:00000001
"FriendlyTypeName"=hex(2):40,00,25,00,50,00,72,00,6f,00,67,00,72,00,61,00,6d,\
  00,46,00,69,00,6c,00,65,00,73,00,25,00,5c,00,57,00,69,00,6e,00,64,00,6f,00,\
  77,00,73,00,20,00,50,00,68,00,6f,00,74,00,6f,00,20,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,\
  00,65,00,72,00,5c,00,50,00,68,00,6f,00,74,00,6f,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,\
  65,00,72,00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00,2c,00,2d,00,33,00,30,00,35,00,37,00,00,\
  00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Gif\DefaultIcon]
@="%SystemRoot%\\System32\\imageres.dll,-83"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Gif\shell\open\command]
@=hex(2):25,00,53,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,52,00,6f,00,6f,00,74,00,25,\
  00,5c,00,53,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,33,00,32,00,5c,00,72,00,75,00,\
  6e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00,33,00,32,00,2e,00,65,00,78,00,65,00,20,00,22,00,25,\
  00,50,00,72,00,6f,00,67,00,72,00,61,00,6d,00,46,00,69,00,6c,00,65,00,73,00,\
  25,00,5c,00,57,00,69,00,6e,00,64,00,6f,00,77,00,73,00,20,00,50,00,68,00,6f,\
  00,74,00,6f,00,20,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,00,5c,00,50,00,68,00,\
  6f,00,74,00,6f,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,\
  00,22,00,2c,00,20,00,49,00,6d,00,61,00,67,00,65,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,\
  5f,00,46,00,75,00,6c,00,6c,00,73,00,63,00,72,00,65,00,65,00,6e,00,20,00,25,\
  00,31,00,00,00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Gif\shell\open\DropTarget]
"Clsid"="{FFE2A43C-56B9-4bf5-9A79-CC6D4285608A}"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Png]
"ImageOptionFlags"=dword:00000001
"FriendlyTypeName"=hex(2):40,00,25,00,50,00,72,00,6f,00,67,00,72,00,61,00,6d,\
  00,46,00,69,00,6c,00,65,00,73,00,25,00,5c,00,57,00,69,00,6e,00,64,00,6f,00,\
  77,00,73,00,20,00,50,00,68,00,6f,00,74,00,6f,00,20,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,\
  00,65,00,72,00,5c,00,50,00,68,00,6f,00,74,00,6f,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,\
  65,00,72,00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00,2c,00,2d,00,33,00,30,00,35,00,37,00,00,\
  00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Png\DefaultIcon]
@="%SystemRoot%\\System32\\imageres.dll,-71"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Png\shell\open\command]
@=hex(2):25,00,53,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,52,00,6f,00,6f,00,74,00,25,\
  00,5c,00,53,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,33,00,32,00,5c,00,72,00,75,00,\
  6e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00,33,00,32,00,2e,00,65,00,78,00,65,00,20,00,22,00,25,\
  00,50,00,72,00,6f,00,67,00,72,00,61,00,6d,00,46,00,69,00,6c,00,65,00,73,00,\
  25,00,5c,00,57,00,69,00,6e,00,64,00,6f,00,77,00,73,00,20,00,50,00,68,00,6f,\
  00,74,00,6f,00,20,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,00,5c,00,50,00,68,00,\
  6f,00,74,00,6f,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,\
  00,22,00,2c,00,20,00,49,00,6d,00,61,00,67,00,65,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,\
  5f,00,46,00,75,00,6c,00,6c,00,73,00,63,00,72,00,65,00,65,00,6e,00,20,00,25,\
  00,31,00,00,00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Png\shell\open\DropTarget]
"Clsid"="{FFE2A43C-56B9-4bf5-9A79-CC6D4285608A}"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Wdp]
"EditFlags"=dword:00010000
"ImageOptionFlags"=dword:00000001

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Wdp\DefaultIcon]
@="%SystemRoot%\\System32\\wmphoto.dll,-400"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Wdp\shell\open]
"MuiVerb"=hex(2):40,00,25,00,50,00,72,00,6f,00,67,00,72,00,61,00,6d,00,46,00,\
  69,00,6c,00,65,00,73,00,25,00,5c,00,57,00,69,00,6e,00,64,00,6f,00,77,00,73,\
  00,20,00,50,00,68,00,6f,00,74,00,6f,00,20,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,\
  72,00,5c,00,70,00,68,00,6f,00,74,00,6f,00,76,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,\
  00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00,2c,00,2d,00,33,00,30,00,34,00,33,00,00,00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Wdp\shell\open\command]
@=hex(2):25,00,53,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,52,00,6f,00,6f,00,74,00,25,\
  00,5c,00,53,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,33,00,32,00,5c,00,72,00,75,00,\
  6e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00,33,00,32,00,2e,00,65,00,78,00,65,00,20,00,22,00,25,\
  00,50,00,72,00,6f,00,67,00,72,00,61,00,6d,00,46,00,69,00,6c,00,65,00,73,00,\
  25,00,5c,00,57,00,69,00,6e,00,64,00,6f,00,77,00,73,00,20,00,50,00,68,00,6f,\
  00,74,00,6f,00,20,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,00,5c,00,50,00,68,00,\
  6f,00,74,00,6f,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,\
  00,22,00,2c,00,20,00,49,00,6d,00,61,00,67,00,65,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,\
  5f,00,46,00,75,00,6c,00,6c,00,73,00,63,00,72,00,65,00,65,00,6e,00,20,00,25,\
  00,31,00,00,00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Wdp\shell\open\DropTarget]
"Clsid"="{FFE2A43C-56B9-4bf5-9A79-CC6D4285608A}"

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\SystemFileAssociations\image\shell\Image Preview\command]
@=hex(2):25,00,53,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,52,00,6f,00,6f,00,74,00,25,\
  00,5c,00,53,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,33,00,32,00,5c,00,72,00,75,00,\
  6e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00,33,00,32,00,2e,00,65,00,78,00,65,00,20,00,22,00,25,\
  00,50,00,72,00,6f,00,67,00,72,00,61,00,6d,00,46,00,69,00,6c,00,65,00,73,00,\
  25,00,5c,00,57,00,69,00,6e,00,64,00,6f,00,77,00,73,00,20,00,50,00,68,00,6f,\
  00,74,00,6f,00,20,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,00,5c,00,50,00,68,00,\
  6f,00,74,00,6f,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,65,00,72,00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,\
  00,22,00,2c,00,20,00,49,00,6d,00,61,00,67,00,65,00,56,00,69,00,65,00,77,00,\
  5f,00,46,00,75,00,6c,00,6c,00,73,00,63,00,72,00,65,00,65,00,6e,00,20,00,25,\
  00,31,00,00,00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\SystemFileAssociations\image\shell\Image Preview\DropTarget]
"{FFE2A43C-56B9-4bf5-9A79-CC6D4285608A}"=""

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Photo Viewer\Capabilities]
"ApplicationDescription"="@%ProgramFiles%\\Windows Photo Viewer\\photoviewer.dll,-3069"
"ApplicationName"="@%ProgramFiles%\\Windows Photo Viewer\\photoviewer.dll,-3009"

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows Photo Viewer\Capabilities\FileAssociations]
".jpg"="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Jpeg"
".wdp"="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Wdp"
".jfif"="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.JFIF"
".dib"="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Bitmap"
".png"="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Png"
".jxr"="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Wdp"
".bmp"="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Bitmap"
".jpe"="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Jpeg"
".jpeg"="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Jpeg"
".gif"="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Gif"
".tif"="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Tiff"
".tiff"="PhotoViewer.FileAssoc.Tiff"

Copy paste into notepad, save it to file with .reg extension and merge it.
References:

• https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/14312-restore-windows-photo-viewer-windows-10-a.html

Handbrake: downgrade 0.98GB Video to 9.89MB Video

Handbrake version: 1.1 (https://handbrake.fr)

Original:

• Resolution 1920x1080
• Audio Bit rate 317kbps Stereo
• file size 0.98GB

Result:

• Resolution 240x128
• Audio Bit rate 32kbps mono
• file size 9.89MB

The steps are:

1. Open original video file 
2. In "Presets" choose "Devices" -> "Apple240p30"
3. In tab Summary change:
   1. Web Optimized -> checked
   2. Align A/V Start
4. In tab Dimensions change:
   1. Dimension: 240x128
   2. Keep Aspect Ratio: checked
5. In tab Video change:
   1. Video codec H.264
   2. Framerate: 20
   3. Constant Quality: 18
6. In tab Audio change:
   1. Bitrate: 64 
   2. Mixdown: Mono
7. And last one fill output file name in "Set Save As:"
8. Then click "Start Encode", wait until it finish. It may take some  times.

List AMD Processor does not need AMD Catalyst in Windows 10 x64 and x32

List AMD Processor does not need AMD Catalyst in Windows 10 x64 and x32:

• AMD A8-7410
• AMD A8-4500M
• AMD A6-6310
• AMD A4-4020

From original  (as a copy in case the reference deleted):

This document provides information about Windows® 10 driver support for APUs with AMD Radeon™ Graphics.

For the purpose of this document the term “APU Graphics” refers to the On-die graphics adapter on an AMD APU that is the designated primary graphics controller on a system.

This document does not apply to Discrete AMD Radeon™ Graphics products. For more information about Windows 10 driver support for Discrete AMD Radeon™ Graphics products, please visit: Windows® 10 Driver Support for Discrete AMD Radeon™ Graphics Products

The following AMD APU products with AMD Radeon™ Graphics support up to WDDM 2.0 and DirectX® 12 on Windows® 10:

• AMD A6/A8/A10/FX-8000 Series APUs
• AMD A4 Pro/A6 Pro/A8 Pro/A10 Pro/A12 Pro-8000 Series APUs
• AMD E1/E2/A4/A6/A8/A10/FX-7000 Series APUs (except A4-7300 APUs)
• AMD A4 Pro/A6 Pro/A8 Pro/A10 Pro-7000 Series APUs
• AMD E1/E2/A4/A6-6#10 Series APUs
• AMD E1/A4/A10 Micro-6000 Series APUs
• AMD A4-5000, A4-5100 and A6-5200 APUs
• AMD Athlon 5000 series APUs
• AMD Sempron 2650 and 3850 APUs
  
• AMD E1-2000 Series and E2-3000 Series APUs
• AMD A4/A6-1000 Series APUs

The following AMD APU products with AMD Radeon™ Graphics support up to WDDM 1.3 and DirectX® 11 on Windows® 10

• AMD A4-7300 APUs
• AMD A4/A6/A8/A10-6000 Series APUs
• AMD A4/A6/A8/A10-5000 Series APUs (except A4-5000, A4-5100, and A6-5200)
• AMD A4/A6/A8/A10-4000 Series APUs

NOTE: If your graphics product is included on the list of supported products above, please install the latest AMD Catalyst™ Driver for Windows® 10 to fully enable its feature set. AMD Catalyst™ Driver can be downloaded from: http://www.amd.com/drivers

The following AMD APU products with AMD Radeon™ Graphics support up to WDDM 1.2 and DirectX® 11 on Windows 10:

• AMD A4/A6/A8-3000 Series APUs
• AMD E2-2000 APU
• AMD E1/E2-1000 Series APUs
• AMD E-200/300/400 Series APUs
• AMD C-Series APUs
• AMD Z-Series APUs

NOTE: These APU products must be installed only using the display driver version available via Windows Update. If you have upgraded to Windows® 10, please DO NOT install the AMD Catalyst™ Driver. Instead, enable Windows Update and allow it to detect and install the appropriate driver.

If you have already upgraded to Windows® 10 and installed the AMD Catalyst™ Driver, please follow the steps listed below to resolve this issu

1. Uninstall the AMD Catalyst™ Driver using the Program and Features option in the Control Pane
2. Reboot the system
3. Use Windows Update to install the appropriate graphics driver for the APU.

References:

https://community.amd.com/docs/DOC-1312

Windows 10: entering windows repair mode

On my pc, windows 10 update often cause my PC to unstable (application error and system not responded after update).

This note, as my personal guide to enter windows repair mode.

To enter windows repair mode, do these steps:

1. At window 10 login screen, hold shift button and click Power -> Restart.
2. Next screen choose Troubleshoot and Advanced Options.
3. There are some option to choose depend on what we want to repair:
1. Command prompt (my favorite)
2. Startup Setting
3. Startup repair 
4. others
4. Then restart your windows, it will start your windows in repair mode.

For common troubleshooting do these sequence:

1. sfc /scannow
2. chkdsk c: /f

You may need to have handy windows update troubleshooter from micro soft site https://support.microsoft.com/en-ca/help/4027322/windows-update-troubleshooter