Friday, February 13, 2026

Android java: notification pattern code

add permission in project 

AndroidManifest.xml

<manifest ...>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS"/>

MainActivity.java 

   @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        EdgeToEdge.enable(this);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener(findViewById(R.id.main), (v, insets) -> {
            Insets systemBars = insets.getInsets(WindowInsetsCompat.Type.systemBars());
            v.setPadding(systemBars.left, systemBars.top, systemBars.right, systemBars.bottom);
            return insets;
        });

        checkPermissions();
    ....
    }



    /*
     * check permission to read contact and write shared folder Download
     */
    private void checkPermissions() {
        List<String> permissions = new ArrayList<>();

        // 1. Android 13+ Notification Permission
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
            permissions.add(Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS);
        }

        // API require string convert List<String> to String[];
        requestPermissionLauncher.launch(permissions.toArray(new String[0]));
    }

    /*
     * callback permission request
     */
    private final ActivityResultLauncher<String[]> requestPermissionLauncher =
            registerForActivityResult(new ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions(), result -> {
                // Handle Notification permission (Android 13+)
                boolean notificationsGranted = true;
                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
                    notificationsGranted = result.getOrDefault(Manifest.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS, false);
                }

            }); 

create MyNotificationService.java class

public class MyNotificationService {

    public static final String CHANNEL_ID = "wredatexthelper"; //
    public static final int NOTIF_ID = 1846496091;  // crc from wredatexthelper

    /*
     * to send notification directly
     */
    public static void sendNotification(Context context, String title, String message) {
        NotificationManager notificationManager =
                (NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);

        NotificationCompat.Builder myNotifBuilder = getNotificationBuilder(context);
        myNotifBuilder
                .setContentTitle(title)
                .setContentText(message);

        notificationManager.notify(NOTIF_ID, myNotifBuilder.build());
    }

    /*
     * Helper that returns the BUILDER so you can customize it before building
     */
    private static NotificationCompat.Builder getNotificationBuilder(Context context) {
        NotificationManager notificationManager =
                (NotificationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);

        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
            if (notificationManager.getNotificationChannel(CHANNEL_ID) == null) {
                NotificationChannel notifChannel = new NotificationChannel(
                        CHANNEL_ID,
                        "Background Sync Service",
                        NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_LOW
                );
                notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(notifChannel);
            }
        }

        return new NotificationCompat.Builder(context, CHANNEL_ID)
                .setSmallIcon(android.R.drawable.stat_notify_sync)
                .setPriority(NotificationCompat.PRIORITY_LOW)
                .setCategory(Notification.CATEGORY_SERVICE);
        //.setOngoing(true); // can not swap away
    }

    /*
     * get notification for foreground called from worker
     */
    public static Notification getForegroundNotification(Context context) {
        Notification myNotif = getNotificationBuilder(context).build();
        return myNotif;
    }
}

 

 

Thursday, February 12, 2026

Android java: fragment pattern code

Fragment

use just portrait for phone and w600 for tablet (bigger screen)   

for portrait (phone) 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.appcompat.widget.LinearLayoutCompat
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:minHeight="48dp"
    >
    
    <!-- Top TextView -->
    <androidx.appcompat.widget.LinearLayoutCompat
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        >
        <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatTextView
            android:id="@+id/top_text"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/app_name"
            android:textSize="18sp"
            android:textStyle="bold"
            android:padding="12dp"
            android:gravity="start|center_vertical"
            android:background="#DDDDDD"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            />

        <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatImageButton
            android:id="@+id/button_help"
            android:layout_width="64dp"
            android:layout_height="64dp"
            android:background="?android:attr/selectableItemBackground"
            android:src="@android:drawable/ic_menu_help" />
    </androidx.appcompat.widget.LinearLayoutCompat>
    
    <androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView
        android:id="@+id/my_fragment_container_main"
        android:name="[Your java main fragment with full package name]"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        />

</androidx.appcompat.widget.LinearLayoutCompat>

for w600 tablet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<
androidx.appcompat.widget.LinearLayoutCompat
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <!-- Top TextView -->
    <
androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatTextView
        android:id="@+id/top_text"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Your Title Here"
        android:textSize="18sp"
        android:textStyle="bold"
        android:padding="12dp"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:background="#DDDDDD" />

    <!-- Horizontal Content -->
    <
androidx.appcompat.widget.LinearLayoutCompat
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:weightSum="3">

    <androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView
        android:id="@+id/my_fragment_container_left"
        android:name="[Your java left fragment with full package name]"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="1" />

    <View
        android:id="@+id/divider_line"
        android:layout_width="1dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:background="#000000" />

    <androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView
        android:id="@+id/my_fragment_container_main"
        android:name="[Your java main fragment with full package name]"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_weight="2" />

    </
androidx.appcompat.widget.LinearLayoutCompat>

</
androidx.appcompat.widget.LinearLayoutCompat

Guideline for layout LinearLayout

  • orientation android:orientation="vertical" 
    android:layout_width="match_parent" 
    android:layout_height="0dp" 
    android:layout_weight="1"
  • orientation android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:weightSum="3" 
    android:layout_width="0dp" 
    android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="1"  

in main activity on onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)

    public boolean isDualPane = false; // default is portrait
    
AppCompatImageButton buttonHelp;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        EdgeToEdge.enable(this);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ViewCompat.setOnApplyWindowInsetsListener(findViewById(R.id.main), (v, insets) -> {
            Insets systemBars = insets.getInsets(WindowInsetsCompat.Type.systemBars());
            v.setPadding(systemBars.left, systemBars.top, systemBars.right, systemBars.bottom);
            return insets;
        });

        isDualPane = findViewById(R.id.my_fragment_container_left) != null;

        // R.id.main id for root portrait & w600

        if (!isDualPane) {
            buttonHelp = findViewById(R.id.button_help);
            buttonHelp.setOnClickListener(buttonHelpListener);
        }       

        // Load Fragments only if this is a fresh start (savedInstanceState == null)
        // This prevents overlapping fragments during screen rotation
        if (savedInstanceState == null) {

            // If system loaded the w600 layout, load both Fragment
            if (isDualPane) {
                replaceFragment(
                        R.id.my_fragment_container_left,
                        new FragmentLeft(),
                        null);
                replaceFragment(
                        R.id.my_fragment_container_main,
                        new FragmentMain(),
                        null);
            } else {
                // default load main container
                replaceFragment(
                        R.id.my_fragment_container_main,
                        new FragmentMain(),
                        null); // when navigating add "Fragment Main"
            }
        }

        View.OnClickListener buttonHelpListener = new View.OnClickListener() {
   
         @Override
       
     public void onClick(View view) {
           
     Fragment currentFragment =
               
         getSupportFragmentManager()
                   
             .findFragmentById(R.id.my_fragment_container_main);
                if (currentFragment instanceof FragmentMain) {
                    // NOTE: we still use R.id.my_fragment_container_main in portrait
  
                  replaceFragment(
                            R.id.my_fragment_container_main,
                            new FragmentLeft(),
                            "Main Menu");
                    buttonHelp.setImageResource(android.R.drawable.ic_menu_revert);
                } else {
                    getSupportFragmentManager().popBackStack();
                    buttonHelp.setImageResource(android.R.drawable.ic_menu_help);
                }
            }
        };

        /*
         * fragment helper
         */
        private void replaceFragment(
                         int containerId,
                         Fragment fragment,
                         String addToBackStackString) {
            FragmentTransaction transaction =
                    getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
            transaction.replace(containerId, fragment);
            if (addToBackStackString!=null) {
                transaction.addToBackStack(addToBackStackString);
            }
            transaction.commit();
        }
        ....
To implement onbackpresseddispatcher pattern code, see this  https://dedetoknotes.blogspot.com/2026/01/android-java-onbackpresseddispatcher.html

 

Saturday, February 7, 2026

Debian 13: removing kernel left over after kernel upgrade

wifi and some device require compile in debian depend on kernel version. this documentation is intended as a small guide to tidy up your system.

list of ii and rc status of package

# uname -r
6.12.63+deb13-amd64
# dpkg -l | grep linux-image
rc  linux-image-6.1.0-33-amd64                         6.1.133-1                            amd64        Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-6.1.0-34-amd64                         6.1.135-1                            amd64        Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-6.1.0-37-amd64                         6.1.140-1                            amd64        Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-6.1.0-9-amd64                          6.1.27-1                             amd64        Linux 6.1 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-6.12.38+deb13-amd64                    6.12.38-1                            amd64        Linux 6.12 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-6.12.38+deb13-amd64-unsigned           6.12.38-1                            amd64        Linux 6.12 for 64-bit PCs
rc  linux-image-6.12.41+deb13-amd64                    6.12.41-1                            amd64        Linux 6.12 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-6.12.41+deb13-amd64-unsigned           6.12.41-1                            amd64        Linux 6.12 for 64-bit PCs
rc  linux-image-6.12.43+deb13-amd64                    6.12.43-1                            amd64        Linux 6.12 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-6.12.43+deb13-amd64-unsigned           6.12.43-1                            amd64        Linux 6.12 for 64-bit PCs
rc  linux-image-6.12.48+deb13-amd64                    6.12.48-1                            amd64        Linux 6.12 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
rc  linux-image-6.12.48+deb13-amd64-unsigned           6.12.48-1                            amd64        Linux 6.12 for 64-bit PCs
rc  linux-image-6.12.57+deb13-amd64                    6.12.57-1                            amd64        Linux 6.12 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
ii  linux-image-6.12.57+deb13-amd64-unsigned           6.12.57-1                            amd64        Linux 6.12 for 64-bit PCs
ii  linux-image-6.12.63+deb13-amd64                    6.12.63-1                            amd64        Linux 6.12 for 64-bit PCs (signed)
ii  linux-image-amd64                                  6.12.63-1                            amd64        Linux for 64-bit PCs (meta-package)

Note about rc and ii 

  • rc = package removed, but config files remain
  • ii = desired state install and current state installed 

we can conclude these packages are not used anymore but still exist in our system:

  1. rc linux-image-6.1.0-*
  2. rc linux-image-6.12.38*
  3. rc linux-image-6.12.41*
  4. rc linux-image-6.12.43*
  5. rc linux-image-6.12.48*

We can remove those packages which is kernel left over, using this command:

# dpkg -l | awk '/^rc  linux-image/ {print $2}' | xargs dpkg --purge
(Reading database ... 180811 files and directories currently installed.)
Purging configuration files for linux-image-6.1.0-33-amd64 (6.1.133-1) ...
Purging configuration files for linux-image-6.1.0-34-amd64 (6.1.135-1) ...
Purging configuration files for linux-image-6.1.0-37-amd64 (6.1.140-1) ...
Purging configuration files for linux-image-6.1.0-9-amd64 (6.1.27-1) ...
dpkg: warning: while removing linux-image-6.1.0-9-amd64, directory '/lib/modules' not empty so not removed
Purging configuration files for linux-image-6.12.38+deb13-amd64 (6.12.38-1) ...
Purging configuration files for linux-image-6.12.38+deb13-amd64-unsigned (6.12.38-1) ...
rmdir: failed to remove '/lib/modules/6.12.38+deb13-amd64': No such file or directory
Purging configuration files for linux-image-6.12.41+deb13-amd64 (6.12.41-1) ...
Purging configuration files for linux-image-6.12.41+deb13-amd64-unsigned (6.12.41-1) ...
rmdir: failed to remove '/lib/modules/6.12.41+deb13-amd64': No such file or directory
Purging configuration files for linux-image-6.12.43+deb13-amd64 (6.12.43-1) ...
Purging configuration files for linux-image-6.12.43+deb13-amd64-unsigned (6.12.43-1) ...
rmdir: failed to remove '/lib/modules/6.12.43+deb13-amd64': No such file or directory
Purging configuration files for linux-image-6.12.48+deb13-amd64 (6.12.48-1) ...
Purging configuration files for linux-image-6.12.48+deb13-amd64-unsigned (6.12.48-1) ...
rmdir: failed to remove '/lib/modules/6.12.48+deb13-amd64': No such file or directory
Purging configuration files for linux-image-6.12.57+deb13-amd64 (6.12.57-1) ...
I: /vmlinuz is now a symlink to boot/vmlinuz-6.12.63+deb13-amd64
I: /initrd.img is now a symlink to boot/initrd.img-6.12.63+deb13-amd64
rmdir: failed to remove '/lib/modules/6.12.57+deb13-amd64': Directory not empty

 

 

Saturday, January 31, 2026

Debian 13: using unbound as DNS over https resolver in conjuction with NetworkManager and Systemd Resolved

Assume:

  • NetworkManager and Systemd-Resolved already work 

Install unbound

# apt-get install unbound

Edit /etc/systemd/resolved.conf and set:

[Resolve]
DNS=127.0.0.1:5335
Domains=~.

Make sure this line in /etc/unbound/unbound.conf

...
include-toplevel: "/etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d/*.conf"
...

Create and edit /etc/unbound/unbound.conf.d/google-doh.conf

server:
    # Port 5335 is safer for laptops than 5353 (mDNS)
    port: 5335
    interface: 127.0.0.1
    access-control: 127.0.0.0/8 allow
    
    # Required for TLS verification
    tls-cert-bundle: "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt"
forward-zone:
name: "."
    # Using DoT (Port 853) instead of DoH (Port 443)
    forward-tls-upstream: yes
    forward-addr: 8.8.8.8@853#dns.google
    forward-addr: 8.8.4.4@853#dns.google

Enable unbound and restart all services

# systemctl enable unbound
# systemctl start unbound
# systemctl restart systemd-resolved
# systemctl restart NetworkManager

Test

# resolvectl query google.com
google.com: 172.253.118.138
            172.253.118.102
            172.253.118.101
            172.253.118.113
            172.253.118.139
            172.253.118.100
            2404:6800:4003:c11::8a
            2404:6800:4003:c11::71
            2404:6800:4003:c11::64
            2404:6800:4003:c11::8b


# resolvectl query duckduckgo.com
duckduckgo.com: 20.43.161.105

-- Information acquired via protocol DNS in 54.3ms.
-- Data is authenticated: no; Data was acquired via local or encrypted transport: no
-- Data from: network


Thursday, January 29, 2026

Android java: write and delete file in shared folder e.g Download pattern code

Target device Android 7 (API 24) to Android 16 (API 36)

AndroidManifest.xml permission 

     <uses-permission
        android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
        android:maxSdkVersion="32" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
        android:maxSdkVersion="28" />
    <!-- targeting api 13++ use media store -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.POST_NOTIFICATIONS"/>

To write contact (vcard) to folder com.dedetok.wredacontactbackup in folder Download

    final static String subFolder = "com.dedetok.wredacontactbackup"; // folder ref
    private static File backupFolder, backupFile; //


    private static boolean writeSingleVcf(Context context, Collection<VCard> vCards) {
        try {

            String date = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmSS", Locale.US).format(new Date());
            String fileName = date + ".vcf";


            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
                // ✅ API 29-36 (Android 10+): Use MediaStore (Scoped Storage)
                return MyWorker.writeMediaStore(context, fileName, vCards);
            } else {
                // ✅ API 24-28 (Android 7-9): Use traditional File API
                return MyWorker.writeLegacy(context, fileName, vCards);

            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            //Log.e("dedetok",e.getMessage()); // debug
            return false;
        }
    }


    /*
     * write backup MediaStore
     */
    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
    private static boolean writeMediaStore (Context context, String fileName, Collection<VCard> vCards) throws IOException{
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        //Log.e("dedetok", "writeMediaStore"); // debug
        values.put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, fileName);
        values.put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "text/x-vcard");
        // Creates 'Download/YourSubFolder/' automatically
        values.put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.RELATIVE_PATH,
                Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS + File.separator + subFolder);

        Uri uri = context.getContentResolver().insert(
                MediaStore.Downloads.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, values);
        if (uri == null) return false;

        OutputStream os = context.getContentResolver().openOutputStream(uri);
        Ezvcard.write(vCards).version(VCardVersion.V3_0).go(os);
        return true;
    }

    /*
     * write backup in legacy mode
     */
    private static boolean writeLegacy(Context context, String fileName, Collection<VCard> vCards) throws IOException{
        // Setup Directory
        File downloads = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS);
        backupFolder = new File(downloads, MySharePreferences.PREF_NAME);
        // Create folder if missing
        if (!backupFolder.exists()) {
            boolean success = backupFolder.mkdirs();
            if (!success) {
                //Log.e("dedetok", "Failed to create folder. Check permissions!"); // debug
                return false;
            }
        }

        backupFile = new File(backupFolder, fileName);
        try (FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(backupFile)) {
            Ezvcard.write(vCards).version(VCardVersion.V3_0).go(fos);
        }

        //Log.d("dedetok", "File saved at: " + backupFolder.getName()); // debug

        // Tell Android to scan the file so it shows up in Windows/File Manager
        MediaScannerConnection.scanFile(
                context,
                new String[]{ backupFile.getAbsolutePath() },
                null,
                new MediaScannerConnection.OnScanCompletedListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onScanCompleted(String path, Uri uri) {
                        //Log.e("dedetok", "Scanned: " + path);
                    }
                }
        );

        //Log.e("dedetok", "File created successfully "+backupFile.getName()); // debug
        return true;

    }

To delete file created by application from folder com.dedetok.wredacontactbackup in folder Download

    /*
     * delete File helper for android 7 yo 16
     */
    static private boolean deleteFile(Context context, File fileToDelete) {
        boolean returnValue = false;
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
            // Android 7–9
            if (fileToDelete.exists()) {
                returnValue = fileToDelete.delete();
                if (returnValue) {
                    // IMPORTANT: Tell the system the file is gone so Google Files updates
                    MediaScannerConnection.scanFile(context, new String[]{fileToDelete.getAbsolutePath()}, null, null);
                }
            }
        } else {
            // Android 10 to 16
            ContentResolver resolver = context.getContentResolver();
            Uri collection = MediaStore.Downloads.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;

            // IMPORTANT: RELATIVE_PATH must end with a slash /
            String relativePath = Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS + "/" + subFolder + "/";

            String selection = MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME + "=? AND " +
                    MediaStore.MediaColumns.RELATIVE_PATH + "=?";

            String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{
                    fileToDelete.getName(),
                    relativePath
            };

            int rows = 0;
            try {
                // Directly delete from MediaStore - this usually deletes the physical file too
                rows = resolver.delete(collection, selection, selectionArgs);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                //Log.e("dedetok", "MediaStore delete failed", e);
            }

            if (rows > 0) {
                returnValue = true;
            } else {
                // FALLBACK: Physical delete if MediaStore didn't find it
                if (fileToDelete.exists()) {
                    returnValue = fileToDelete.delete();
                    if (returnValue) {
                        // Sync the index
                        MediaScannerConnection.scanFile(context, new String[]{fileToDelete.getAbsolutePath()}, null, null);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return returnValue;
    }