Moving apace, mariadb and php project from a debian site to other debian site

I want to create a bash script to backup and restore the project (apache, mariadb and php) easily. I need to work at 2 debian machine with the same configuration in 2 different location. I ask to duck.ai to solve the problem. Here is the result.

Create a file myconfig.conf

# myconfig.conf
DB_NAME="your_database_name"
DB_USER="your_username"
DB_PASS="your_password"
PROJECT_ROOT="/path/to/your/php/project"  # Add this line

Create bash script mybackup.sh 

#!/bin/bash

# Load database configuration from myconfig.conf
source myconfig.conf

# Create a backup file name for the database
DB_BACKUP_FILE="${DB_NAME}_$(date +%Y-%m-%d).sql"
# Create a zip file name for the project
PROJECT_BACKUP_FILE="$(basename "$PROJECT_ROOT")_backup_$(date +%Y-%m-%d).zip"

# Function to backup the database
backup_database() {
    echo "Backing up database: $DB_NAME"
    mysqldump -u "$DB_USER" -p"$DB_PASS" "$DB_NAME" > "$DB_BACKUP_FILE"
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
        echo "Database backup successful: $DB_BACKUP_FILE"
    else
        echo "Database backup failed!"
        return 1
    fi
}

# Function to zip the project files
zip_project() {
    echo "Zipping project files from: $PROJECT_ROOT"
    zip -r "$PROJECT_BACKUP_FILE" "$PROJECT_ROOT"
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
        echo "Project backup successful: $PROJECT_BACKUP_FILE"
    else
        echo "Project backup failed!"
        return 1
    fi
}

# Function to restore the database
restore_database() {
    echo "Restoring database: $DB_NAME from $1"
    mysql -u "$DB_USER" -p"$DB_PASS" "$DB_NAME" < "$1"
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
        echo "Database restore successful!"
    else
        echo "Database restore failed!"
    fi
}

# Function to unzip the project files
unzip_project() {
    echo "Unzipping project files to: $PROJECT_ROOT"
    unzip -o "$1" -d "$PROJECT_ROOT"
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
        echo "Project restore successful!"
    else
        echo "Project restore failed!"
    fi
}

# Check command line arguments
if [ "$1" == "backup" ]; then
    backup_database
    zip_project
elif [ "$1" == "restore" ]; then
    if [ -z "$2" ] || [ -z "$3" ]; then
        echo "Please provide the SQL backup file and the project zip file to restore from."
        exit 1
    fi
    SQL_BACKUP_FILE="$2"
    PROJECT_BACKUP_FILE="$3"
    restore_database "$SQL_BACKUP_FILE"
    unzip_project "$PROJECT_BACKUP_FILE"
else
    echo "Usage: $0 {backup|restore [sql_backup_file] [project_backup_file]}"
    exit 1
fi

To backup

./mybackup.sh backup

It will create 2 files

1. zip for backup and restore web root project
2. sql for backup and restore mariadb database 

To restore

./mybackup.sh restore your_database_backup.sql your_project_backup_file.zip

 

How to fix error HY000/1045 after upgrading phpmyadmin

I used Debian 13 repository to upgrade phpmyadmin. During upgrading from previous version, configuration can not be continue and must be ignore. After phpmyadmin installed error messages come to web:

• mysqli::real_connect(): (HY000/1045): Access denied for user 'phpmyadmin'@'localhost' (using password: YES) 
• Connection for controluser as defined in your configuration failed.

Create user pma (default) and password:

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'pma'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'pmapass';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.003 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON phpmyadmin.* TO 'pma'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.003 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.002 sec)

Edit file /etc/phpmyadmin/config-db.php

...
$dbuser='pma';
$dbpass='pmapass';
...

Edit file /etc/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php

...
/* Configure according to dbconfig-common if enabled */
if (!empty($dbname)) {
    /* Authentication type */
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'cookie';
    /* Server parameters */
    if (empty($dbserver)) $dbserver = 'localhost';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = $dbserver;

    if (!empty($dbport) || $dbserver != 'localhost') {
        $cfg['Servers'][$i]['connect_type'] = 'tcp';
        $cfg['Servers'][$i]['port'] = $dbport;
    }
    //$cfg['Servers'][$i]['compress'] = false;
    /* Optional: User for advanced features */
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['controluser'] = $dbuser;
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlpass'] = $dbpass;
    /* Optional: Advanced phpMyAdmin features */
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['pmadb'] = $dbname;
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['bookmarktable'] = 'pma__bookmark';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['relation'] = 'pma__relation';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_info'] = 'pma__table_info';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_coords'] = 'pma__table_coords';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['pdf_pages'] = 'pma__pdf_pages';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['column_info'] = 'pma__column_info';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['history'] = 'pma__history';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_uiprefs'] = 'pma__table_uiprefs';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['tracking'] = 'pma__tracking';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['userconfig'] = 'pma__userconfig';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['recent'] = 'pma__recent';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['favorite'] = 'pma__favorite';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['users'] = 'pma__users';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['usergroups'] = 'pma__usergroups';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['navigationhiding'] = 'pma__navigationhiding';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['savedsearches'] = 'pma__savedsearches';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['central_columns'] = 'pma__central_columns';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['designer_settings'] = 'pma__designer_settings';
    $cfg['Servers'][$i]['export_templates'] = 'pma__export_templates';

    /* Uncomment the following to enable logging in to passwordless accounts,
     * after taking note of the associated security risks. */
    // $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowNoPassword'] = TRUE;

    /* Advance to next server for rest of config */
    $i++;
}

/* Authentication type */
//$cfg['Servers'][$i]['auth_type'] = 'cookie';
/* Server parameters */
//$cfg['Servers'][$i]['host'] = 'localhost';
//$cfg['Servers'][$i]['connect_type'] = 'tcp';
//$cfg['Servers'][$i]['compress'] = false;
/* Uncomment the following to enable logging in to passwordless accounts,
 * after taking note of the associated security risks. */
// $cfg['Servers'][$i]['AllowNoPassword'] = TRUE;

/**
 * phpMyAdmin configuration storage settings.
 */

/* User used to manipulate with storage */
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlhost'] = '';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlport'] = '';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controluser'] = 'pma';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['controlpass'] = 'pmapass';

/* Storage database and tables */
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['pmadb'] = 'phpmyadmin';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['bookmarktable'] = 'pma__bookmark';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['relation'] = 'pma__relation';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_info'] = 'pma__table_info';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_coords'] = 'pma__table_coords';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['pdf_pages'] = 'pma__pdf_pages';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['column_info'] = 'pma__column_info';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['history'] = 'pma__history';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['table_uiprefs'] = 'pma__table_uiprefs';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['tracking'] = 'pma__tracking';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['userconfig'] = 'pma__userconfig';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['recent'] = 'pma__recent';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['favorite'] = 'pma__favorite';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['users'] = 'pma__users';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['usergroups'] = 'pma__usergroups';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['navigationhiding'] = 'pma__navigationhiding';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['savedsearches'] = 'pma__savedsearches';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['central_columns'] = 'pma__central_columns';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['designer_settings'] = 'pma__designer_settings';
$cfg['Servers'][$i]['export_templates'] = 'pma__export_templates';
...

 

Debian 13: how to limit cpu frequency to preserve power or keep cpu cooler

Since Debian 13, cpufreq is being replaced by cpupower. Don't mix using power-profiles-daemon and linux-cpupower. I prefer to use linux-cpupower.

Install 

# apt-get install linux-cpupower

Show available frequency

# cpupower frequency-info
analyzing CPU 1:
  driver: acpi-cpufreq
  CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 1
  CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 1
  maximum transition latency: 4.0 us
  hardware limits: 1000 MHz - 2.20 GHz
  available frequency steps:  2.20 GHz, 2.00 GHz, 1.80 GHz, 1.60 GHz, 1.30 GHz, 1000 MHz
  available cpufreq governors: performance schedutil
  current policy: frequency should be within 1000 MHz and 2.20 GHz.
                  The governor "schedutil" may decide which speed to use
                  within this range.
  current CPU frequency: 1.30 GHz (asserted by call to hardware)
  boost state support:
    Supported: yes
    Active: no
    Boost States: 2
    Total States: 8
    Pstate-Pb0: 2500MHz (boost state)
    Pstate-Pb1: 2400MHz (boost state)
    Pstate-P0:  2200MHz
    Pstate-P1:  2000MHz
    Pstate-P2:  1800MHz
    Pstate-P3:  1600MHz
    Pstate-P4:  1300MHz
    Pstate-P5:  1000MHz

Available frequency steps are:  2.20 GHz, 2.00 GHz, 1.80 GHz, 1.60 GHz, 1.30 GHz, 1000 MHz. Use frequency 1.8 GHz for all core:

# cpupower frequency-set -u 1.80 GHz
Setting cpu: 0
Setting cpu: 1
Setting cpu: 2
Setting cpu: 3

After applying maximum frequency

# cpupower frequency-info
analyzing CPU 2:
  driver: acpi-cpufreq
  CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 2
  CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 2
  maximum transition latency: 4.0 us
  hardware limits: 1000 MHz - 2.20 GHz
  available frequency steps:  2.20 GHz, 2.00 GHz, 1.80 GHz, 1.60 GHz, 1.30 GHz, 1000 MHz
  available cpufreq governors: performance schedutil
  current policy: frequency should be within 1000 MHz and 1000 MHz.
                  The governor "schedutil" may decide which speed to use
                  within this range.
  current CPU frequency: 1000 MHz (asserted by call to hardware)
  boost state support:
    Supported: yes
    Active: no
    Boost States: 2
    Total States: 8
    Pstate-Pb0: 2500MHz (boost state)
    Pstate-Pb1: 2400MHz (boost state)
    Pstate-P0:  2200MHz
    Pstate-P1:  2000MHz
    Pstate-P2:  1800MHz
    Pstate-P3:  1600MHz
    Pstate-P4:  1300MHz
    Pstate-P5:  1000MHz

To make it persistent, create or edit /etc/systemd/system/cpu-limit.service

[Unit]
Description=Set CPU power management settings
# latest state runlevel 3 in SysVinit, let CPU run maximum frequency during starting system services
After=multi-user.target
# run after network ready
#After=network.target
# network may not run
#After=sysinit.target

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/bin/cpupower frequency-set -u 2.00GHz
#ExecStart=/usr/bin/cpupower frequency-set --max 2.00GHz
#ExecStart=/usr/bin/cpupower frequency-set -g performance
# You can customize the cpupower command here.
# For example, to set to powersave:
# ExecStart=/usr/bin/cpupower frequency-set -g powersave
# Or to set a specific frequency:
# ExecStart=/usr/bin/cpupower frequency-set -f 2.5GHz

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target



Note: you can copy paste and adjust frequency for your laptop/PC.

Change file permission

# chmod 644 /etc/systemd/system/cpu-limit.service

Reload system daemon

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable cpu-limit.service
Created symlink '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cpu-limit.service' → '/etc/systemd/system/cpu-limit.service'.

Everytime your restart this daemon will run time to set maximum frequency.

 

 

Debian 13: Fresh install dual boot Axioo Hype 5 AMD X6 using usb flash disk with ventoy boot manager installed

Spesification Axioo Hype 5 AMD X6:

• Ryzen™ 5 6600H & grafis Radeon™ 660M
• 16GB DDR5 RAM & 512GB SSD Gen 3

Shrink your windows 11 partition. We need 84 GB free space. 80 GB for debian / ext4 and 4 GB for swap. We do need to reserve 500 MB for ESP (EFI System Partition), windows 11 already create it.

Use windows disk manager and shrink partition. Fill

Enter the amount of space in MB 84000 MB

It is good practice to separate partition for windows system and application, and user data partition.

To install Ventoy boot manager in flash disk follow this.

Insert your USB flash disk contain Debian 13 net installer and ventoy installed. Press and hold “Shift” and restart windows. Unpress shift after laptop restarted.

Select “Use Device” and choose USB flash disk to boot.

Ventoy boot manager will give you any iso file you stored on flash disk if any. Choose debian, select “Boot in normal mode”.

Debian installer started, follow the instruction. You need an internet connection to install the xfce desktop environment. 

At the partition section, choose “Manual”. Create 80 GB type “ext4” mount / and 4 GB type “Swap”. Write change to disk.

Beware, there is a USB flash disk appear in the partition menu. It is shown as “SCSI1 (0.0.0) (sda)” on my laptop.

In package manager, I choose 

• Xfce
• Standard system utility

For special purpose installation choose debian blend. Release of debian pure blend can be read on www.debian.org/blends/.

Finally, restart your laptop. Press F2 to enter bios. At boot menu, select debian boot manager first and then windows. Debian grub has the option to enter windows not vice versa.

If you wish, to select windows as default grub selection, edit /etc/default/grub

GRUB_DEFAULT=2

Save it and run

# update-grub

Debian 13: Using Ventoy to create bootable flash disk for multiple ISO

Download ventoy from www.ventoy.net, choose tar.gz. At this documentation wrote, it was ventoy-1.1.07-linux.tar.gz.

Extract it here, it will create directory ventoy-1.1.07. You can move directory from download to your home.

To avoid any typo or wrong device storage, it is recommended to use GUI. Insert you new or unused flash disk and open ventoy GUI, from terminal

$ cd ventoy-1.1.07/
$ ./VentoyGUI.x86_64&

It will ask root/sudo password. Click Install and you will get warning all data will be destroyed and flash disk will be formatted. Wait until finish.

Unmount your flash disk. Remove and reinsert your flash disk. You can add your iso file into your flash disk.

Note: Do not store your iso files too deep under subdirectory. 

Sample Directory:

Ventoy
-- debian
   -- debian-13.1.0-amd64-netinst.iso
-- windows
   -- 

Note:  size of debian-13.1.0-amd64-netinst.iso is more then 700MB which it is not fit into CD ROM anymore.

Use flash disk USB 3.0 or above. I use Adata flash disk USB 3.0.

It is hard to find CD or DVD in Indonesia.  Almost software is distribute directly from cloud, no disk media anymore. Some provide flash disk installer in part of package.